The European Centre for Employee Ownership

The European Centre for Employee Ownership has been at the forefront of the drive to develop employee ownership, particularly among multinational companies. The Centre’s first international workshop in Paris in1989 heralded a new era in employee participation issues in Europe. The annual workshops since then have carried the issues forward.

In 1991 the European Commission made its first tentative attempt at framing an initiative to promote employee ownership. The PEPPER Report ("Promotion of employee participation in profits and enterprise results") was heralded as a landmark in employee participation in Europe.

The report recommended that member states’ legal structures be adapted to support participation schemes. In addition, the report recommended close scrutiny of the fiscal position to ensure that participation schemes were not hindered.

In the years immediately after the report progress was slow. The gap between the UK and France on the one hand, and the rest of the member states widened. The two countries with the strongest support for employee participation were also the countries that took the PEPPER report most to heart.

In 1996 the Commission made public its follow-up report, known as PEPPER II. It was based on the responses received from governments to a questionnaire about the first PEPPER report but this was about the only action the Commission was free to take following the Council’s trimming of its earlier recommendations. This second report reached the conclusion that no serious headway had been made in the EU. However, the report merely reflected the responses of member states, whose respondents had missed the rapid development of employee ownership among multinational companies. However the Hermange report from the European Parliament found PEPPER wanting and made a string of recommendations, which gave the Commission a welcome new impetus.

This led to two successful joint initiatives between the Commission and the Centre in 1999. In April a seminar was held in Brussels, supported by Linklaters & Alliance, to identify the barriers which multinationals face in spreading their share plans across member states of the European Union. In November there was a workshop in Dublin, this time supported by the Irish union SIPTU and the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, on alternative rewards at work. This latter event was the prelude to employee ownership being recognised for the first time at national level anywhere in the world - in the national partnership agreement for 2000-2002 reached in February 2000by the Irish government, unions and employers.

The Foundation’s paper for Dublin and the final document from the Brussels seminar are available among Centre publications.

In addition to its joint work with the Commission, the European Centre develops its own events and activities. The global seminar in Davos (February 2000) is to be followed by the European seminar in Cannes (June 2000), a possible high-tech study visit to Seattle (autumn 2000) and a second global seminar in Davos or Courchevel (February 2001).

The European Centre plans further dialogue in 2000 with European business (UNICE, UEAPME, and the European Round Table), trades unions (ETUC) and institutions (European Commission, Parliament and Foundation).

Timeline of ESOPS in the European Union
2002Commission adopts a Communication on employee financial participation. The Communication is intended to provide a framework for developing employee ownership throughout Europe and to provide real solutions to the barriers, tax, legislative, cultural or otherwise, that are currently hindering progress.
2001The European Commission releases a working paper on employee financial participation.
2001After a seminar in Brussels, the Centre releases 'An option for EWCs'; the results of a study into the role the European Works Councils of four multinational companies - Air France, DSM, Gucci and Pearson - can play in developing employee ownership. Project supported by the Commission.
2000The Centre, in conjunction with the Commission, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions and Irish trade union SIPTU, holds a seminar in Dublin exploring trade union and employee aspects of participation in employee equity schemes. Findings released in the report 'altrewards@work.'
2000The Centre holds its first global forum in Davos, Switzerland. Interest was so great, it was decided to make it an annual event.
1999ETUC reaches positive conclusions.
1999The Centre is presented with the task of identifying the barriers to employee participation by DGV of the Commission.
1998The Burke report, commissioned by the Centre, reveals that the potential for wider employee participation in Europe was considerably understated.
1997The European Parliament adopts Mme Hermange report criticising PEPPER II for its lack of incisiveness.
1996PEPPER II is issued by the Commission. The report, based on the responses received from government to a questionnaire about PEPPER, revealed that little progress had been made in the EU, but the Commission made a number of positive recommendations.
1995Centre arranges first meeting of European social partners on employee ownership, hosted by Commission. Results inconclusive.
1991European Commission produces the PEPPER report. The recommendations – which included modifying the fiscal conditions in some member states – were largely negated by the Council of Ministers.
1989First European workshop held by the European Centre for Employee Ownership, in Paris